| 11. | Carbonic maceration A winemaking practice of fermenting whole grapes that have not been crushed.
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| 12. | Belvedere Vodka also produces a line of Macerations.
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| 13. | Total time : 20 minutes, plus maceration
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| 14. | Total time : 10 minutes, plus maceration
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| 15. | Total time : 15 minutes, plus maceration
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| 16. | The term " maceration " refers to the technique used by the scientists.
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| 17. | Usually during this maceration, the fermentation process starts with ambient yeasts in the cellar.
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| 18. | Almost half the grapes are fermented by carbonic maceration, a technique more often associated with Beaujolais.
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| 19. | In Australia there has been experimentation with carbonic maceration to make softer, fruity Cabernet Sauvignon wines.
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| 20. | Pre-fermentation Maceration is generally performed at a controlled temperature to delay the onset of fermentation.
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