| 11. | They have various names, such as the Great Siberian Polynya, and can stretch over many hundreds kilometers.
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| 12. | Antarctic bottom water is formed in the Cape Darnley from surface water cooling in polynyas and below the ice shelf.
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| 13. | In early May, Kolchak and Strizhev surveyed Belkovsky Island and run into polynyas in the northern and western directions.
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| 14. | During the winter, ivory gulls live near polynyas, or a large area of open water surrounded by sea ice.
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| 15. | Located in the Weddell Sea, each year the polynya vanished with the summer melt, but returned the following year.
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| 16. | The Weddell Sea Polynya has not been observed since the event witnessed by the Nimbus satellites in the mid-70s.
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| 17. | Ice is drifting north to this coastal band, and several polynyas are formed by the warm south winds around there.
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| 18. | A polynya forms in Cardigan Strait most winters, used by wintering Bearded and Ringed seals, polar bears, and walrus.
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| 19. | The Aurora was just reaching the polynya when the fire, whose cause was not yet known, broke out, Moncur said.
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| 20. | Matisen returned on 17 April 1902, reporting that 7 miles away from Kotelny Island he ran into a polynya and turned back.
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