In the transition state, the phenyl and the methyl ester groups stack to give the " cis "-substitution as the exclusive final pyrroline product.
12.
Hyperprolinemia type II results in proline levels in the blood between 10 and 15 times higher than normal, and high levels of a related compound called pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
13.
Also the direct biosynthetic precursor to the amino acid proline is the imino acid ( " S " )-? 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate ( P5C ).
14.
The biosynthetic metabolite that is synthesized from proline by the enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and converted into the amino acid glutamate by the enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.
15.
The biosynthetic metabolite that is synthesized from proline by the enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and converted into the amino acid glutamate by the enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.
16.
A deficiency of the latter enzyme leads to higher levels of proline and a buildup of the intermediate breakdown product pyrroline-5-carboxylate, causing the signs and symptoms of hyperprolinemia type II.
17.
In organic chemistry, a "'chlorin "'is a large heterocyclic aromatic ring consisting, at the core, of three pyrroles and one pyrroline coupled through four =-linkages.
18.
Although it is believed that the vinylcylcopropane rearrangement must have occurred during Nikolay Demyanov's preparation of vinylcyclopropane by Hofmann elimination at elevated temperatures in 1922 the cyclopropylimine-pyrroline rearrangement by Cloke in 1929 and Wilson's cyclopropylcarbaldehyde-2, 3-dihydrofuran rearrangement in 1947 are really the only examples of vinylcyclopropane-like rearrangements.
19.
"' Hyperprolinemia "', also referred to as "'prolinemia "'or "'prolinuria "', is a condition which occurs when the amino acid proline is not broken down properly by the enzymes proline oxidase or pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, causing a buildup of proline in the body.
