| 11. | Teliospores are disseminated by wind or during combining.
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| 12. | The teliospores may remain viable for several spores.
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| 13. | At the terminal end of the hyphae, thick-walled teliospores are produced.
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| 14. | The group is also called the true smut fungi because of the production of teliospores.
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| 15. | Infection can occur from seed-borne teliospores or by teliospores residing in the soil.
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| 16. | Infection can occur from seed-borne teliospores or by teliospores residing in the soil.
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| 17. | During sporulation, sori burst through leaves releasing teliospores and cause leaves to appear tattered.
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| 18. | This is the resting stage that survives over summer and these pustules contain the teliospores.
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| 19. | It is discernible by the formation of large teliospores that the fungi produces to overwinter.
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| 20. | These telia produce teliospores which will germinate into aerial basidiospores, spreading and causing further infection.
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