| 11. | The Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first described the microscopic appearance of urate crystals in 1679.
|
| 12. | It is a recombinant version of urate oxidase, an enzyme that metabolizes uric acid to allantoin.
|
| 13. | Urate oxidase is known to be present in many mammals but does not naturally occur in humans.
|
| 14. | Urate stones can be dissolved using a diet with reduced purines that alkalinizes and dilutes the urine.
|
| 15. | Greater than 90 % of urate excreted by the kidneys is derived from the process of secretion.
|
| 16. | One treatment for gout in the 19th century was administration of lithium salts; lithium urate is more soluble.
|
| 17. | Elevated levels of uric acid may also lead to crystals precipitating in the kidneys, resulting in urate nephropathy.
|
| 18. | Earlier trials had suggested those with the highest serum urate levels had lower progression of Parkinson's symptoms.
|
| 19. | During periods of adequate rainfall, they drink copiously from any pools they find, and eliminate solid urates.
|
| 20. | It results in high blood levels of sulfite and urate, in much the same way as molybdenum cofactor deficiency.
|
