The plant contains diverse phytochemicals, including ursolic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, some essential oils and resin, hydroquinones ( mainly arbutin, up to 17 % ), tannins ( up to 15 % ), phenolic glycosides and flavonoids.
22.
No acid is produced from adonitol, arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, dulcitol, fucose, galactose, inositol, inulin, lactose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, salicin, sorbose, or tagatose.
23.
It produces acid aerobically from D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, maltose, lactose, trehalose, mannitol, sucrose, L-arabinose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, glycerol, erythritol, D-xylose, arbutin, and salicin.
24.
A 2014 study of 210 patients randomized into two treatment groups found that recurrence occurred within 2 months in 27.6 % of the group using antibiotics alone ( prulifloxacin 600 mg ), but in only 7.8 % of the group taking prulifloxacin in combination with Serenoa repens extract, Lactobacillus Sporogens and Arbutin.
25.
According to Baumann, " Botanical compounds for which dermatologic and cosmetic applications have emerged include : olive oil, chamomile, colloidal oatmeal, oat kernel extract, feverfew, acai berry, coffee berry, curcumin, green tea, pomegranate, licorice, paper mulberry, arbutin, and soy . " Many of these botanical sources offer biologically active components that require further in vitro and in vivo investigation ".
