Ciliates are also capable of sexual reproduction, and utilize two nuclei unique to ciliates : a macronucleus for normal metabolic control and a separate micronucleus that undergoes meiosis.
32.
Furthermore, it is well to remember that ciliates possess a mechanism for adjusting copy numbers of individual genes during amitosis of the macronucleus . ( Prescott, 1994)
33.
There is apparently little, if any, DNA damage in the new macronucleus, suggesting that rejuvenation is associated with the repair of these damages in the micronucleus during meiosis.
34.
This species can be distinguished from its congeners by its large body size and the shape of the macronucleus; this species'micronucleus is located situated in a small macronuclear concavity.
35.
Unlike most other eukaryotes, ciliates have two different sorts of nuclei : a tiny, diploid micronucleus ( reproduction ), and a large, polyploid macronucleus ( general cell regulation ).
36.
However, if that IES is deleted from the developing macronucleus, it is type E mating type . " Paramecium " can only mate with individual of opposite mating type.
37.
However, the macronucleus is only propagated from one cell to the next during the asexual, vegetative stage of the life cycle, and so it is never directly inherited by sexual progeny.
38.
This species can be distinguished from its congeners by its large body size and the shape of the macronucleus . " M . rex " exhibits up to 30?m-long endosymbiotic bacteria.
39.
The macronucleus of " Pseudomonilicaryon " is arranged like a string of beads, whereas that of " Dileptus " is composed of small nodules scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
40.
During either of these processes the micronuclei of the cell ( s ) undergo meiosis, the old macronucleus disintegrates and a new macronucleus is formed by replication of the micronuclear DNA that had recently undergone meiosis.
