There is "'primary polygyny "'( several queens join to found a new colony, but after the hatching of the first workers the queens fight each other until only one queen survives and the colony becomes monogynous ) and "'secondary polygyny "'( a well-established colony continues to have several queens ).
32.
In the " Proformica "-" Rossomyrmex " system, dispersal ability is quite different for host and parasite species . " Proformica " is generally polygynous ( multiple queen colonies ) with wingless queens that found new nests by budding; therefore they are likely to show restricted dispersal and strong population structure, while " Rossomyrmex " is monogynous ( single queen colonies ), with both sexes winged and show independent colony founding.
