NETs disarm pathogens with antimicrobial proteins such as neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and histones that have a high affinity for DNA . Analysis by immunofluorescence corroborated that NETs contained proteins from azurophilic granules ( neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and myeloperoxidase ) as well as proteins from specific granules ( lactoferrin ) and tertiary granules ( gelatinase ) and cytoplasm, yet CD63, actin, tubulin and various other cytoplasmatic proteins were not.
42.
Matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ), which catalyse extracellular matrix degradation, have N-terminal domains that resemble PGBD . Examples are gelatinase A ( MMP-2 ), which degrades type IV collagen, stromelysin-1 ( MMP-3 ), which plays a role in arthritis and tumour invasion, and gelatinase B ( MMP-9 ) secreted by neutrophils as part of the innate immune defence mechanism.
43.
Matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ), which catalyse extracellular matrix degradation, have N-terminal domains that resemble PGBD . Examples are gelatinase A ( MMP-2 ), which degrades type IV collagen, stromelysin-1 ( MMP-3 ), which plays a role in arthritis and tumour invasion, and gelatinase B ( MMP-9 ) secreted by neutrophils as part of the innate immune defence mechanism.
44.
AKI researchers have sought novel early, sensitive, and specific biomarkers for AKI . A number of biochemical markers are currently under study for established AKI, early detection of AKI, and prognosis of AKI . The most frequently studied new biomarkers include Cystatin C ( CysC ), "'neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin "'( NGAL ), interleukin-18, "'liver-fatty acid binding protein "'( l-FABP ), and "'kidney injury molecule-1 "'( KIM-1 ).
