| 41. | The binding of the urea carbonyl oxygen atom to Ni1 is stabilized through the protonation state of His ?222 N.
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| 42. | Protonation takes place at the nitrogen atom, not the phosphorus atom to which the nitrogen is double-bonded.
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| 43. | The protonation of NH 3 by c-C 3 H 3 + is the second most important formation reaction.
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| 44. | Bothner-By in 1959 had given qualitative arguments favoring meta-protonation as had been suggested previously by Birch.
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| 45. | That is, the phenyl group is positioned directly above the enolic alpha carbon and protonation must occur from below.
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| 46. | This is done by the use of non-innocent ligands that participate in the reaction by protonation or deprotonation.
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| 47. | Consequently, encapsulated molecule can be easily protonated as a resulting carbocation from protonation is stabilized by the surrounding anions.
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| 48. | Protonation of basic sites in systems comprising a chromophore and a luminescent metal center leads the way for pH sensors.
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| 49. | For example, double protonation of such low valent complexes gave intermediates with the linkage M = N " NH 2.
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| 50. | OMP protonation on O4 or O2 before decarboxylation, which entails and ilyde formation on N1, has also been considered.
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