Allogamy ( outcrossing ) on the whole is enforced through a late-acting ( N . longispathus " are self-compatible producing mixtures of selfed and outcrossed seeds.
2.
The downside of this pollination strategy is that the probability of self-fertilisation is greatly increased; many Proteaceae counter this with strategies such as protandry, self-incompatibility, or preferential abortion of selfed seed.
3.
The strength of a CSI response can be defined, as the ratio of crossed to selfed ovules, formed when equal amounts of cross and self pollen, are placed upon the stigma; in the taxa described up to this day, this ratio ranges between 3.2 and 11.5.
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