| 1. | Fis buffers decrease of negative supercoiling in tyrT and rrnA expression.
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| 2. | Supercoiling can be represented mathematically by the sum of twist and writhe.
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| 3. | DNA supercoiling is important for DNA packaging within all cells.
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| 4. | Supercoiling of DNA reduces the space and allows for DNA to be packaged.
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| 5. | Supercoiling is also required for DNA / RNA synthesis.
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| 6. | Recent data suggest different degrees of supercoiling distinguish the permissive and inactive states.
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| 7. | Agarose gel electrophoresis can be used to resolve circular DNA with different supercoiling topology.
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| 8. | Gyrase ( a form of topoisomerase ) relaxes and undoes the supercoiling caused by helicase.
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| 9. | Many topoisomerase enzymes sense supercoiling and either generate or dissipate it as they change DNA topology.
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| 10. | Moreover, they discovered that the DNA sequence itself effects how the molecule responds to supercoiling.
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