| 1. | :See our article on tonicity which explains this.
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| 2. | :You may want to read the article Osmotic Pressure, as well as Tonicity.
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| 3. | In other words, tonicity is the relative concentration of cells immersed in an external solution.
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| 4. | "Tonicity " is basically defined in biology using the cell's " inside " as the standard.
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| 5. | Tonicity might be a good place to start .-- contribs 12 : 27, 1 September 2006 ( UTC)
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| 6. | Fresh water is not usually used if the sting occurs in salt water, as changes in tonicity can release additional venom.
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| 7. | This area represents the highest concentration in the nephron, but the collecting duct can reach this same tonicity with maximum ADH effect.
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| 8. | Unlike osmotic pressure, tonicity is influenced only by solutes that cannot cross the membrane, as only these exert an effective osmotic pressure.
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| 9. | Solutes able to freely cross the membrane do not affect tonicity because they will always be in equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane.
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| 10. | These include solubilizers, stabilizers, buffers, tonicity modifiers, bulking agents, viscosity enhancers / reducers, surfactants, chelating agents, and adjuvants.
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