In 1907, Karl Liebknecht stated in his brochure " Militarismus und Antimilitarismus " that " a trustification of all actual and potential colonies among the colonial powers, so to speak [ & ] a disabling of the colonial rivalry among the states [ could take place in the future ], as it occurred to some extent for the private competition among capitalist entrepreneurs in the cartels and trusts " . On the eve of World War I these peace-loving social-democrats and liberals in Europe hoped that the great powers would beginning with the British Empire and the Deutsche Reich unite into a " states'cartel " or a " combination " of states giving the rivals organization and reconciliation.