| 1. | Then Pangea broke apart, perhaps because of upwelling convection currents.
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| 2. | Cooler water then rises from below, a process called upwelling.
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| 3. | Currently, areas of oceanic upwelling cause the formation of phosphates.
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| 4. | Winds blow in directions that don't cause upwelling.
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| 5. | Areas of upwelling provide supplies of nitrogen from below the euphotic zone.
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| 6. | Nitrate is depleted in near-surface water except in upwelling regions.
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| 7. | Changes in bathymetry can affect the strength of an upwelling.
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| 8. | They are highly abundant along the upwelling regions of the current systems.
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| 9. | This prevents nutrient-rich upwelling which has reduced productivity.
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| 10. | Some equatorial regions of upwelling, where nutrients are abundant and spicules.
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